We’ve been getting a lot of questions about the unusual weather and early blooms this winter, so we decided to check in with one of our horticulturists, Laura Swain, to get the scoop.</p> Why are we seeing early blooms?</h4> We are currently experiencing the warmest and driest winter on record with an average temperature of 43 degrees! Many of our beloved early season plants have evolved in more temperate regions of the world. In the late summer and fall, all plants form buds – or tiny packets of densely stored energy for fast growth in the spring. These buds are typically covered in modified leaves, called bud scales, that keep the buds warm and cozy during winter months. Some plants have already met their dormancy requirements, and the warm days (and nights!) trick the plants into thinking it’s spring. </p> Is this bad for the plants?</h4> The risk is that here in Colorado, we will likely get another deep cold spell before winter is over. When this happens, if plants have already opened those bud scales, they become susceptible to winter burn and dieback. This is rarely enough to kill a plant. They may need some extra pruning in spring. This applies primarily to woody trees and shrubs. For herbaceous perennials, plants may expend some extra energy with early winter growth and subsequent dieback but typically have enough stored energy in their roots to carry on when spring finally arrives. </p> While early flowering itself is not detrimental to overall plant health, there is </em>another risk we should be aware of: what is happening below ground. During winter dormancy, plants stop growing above ground shoots, but roots are still busy growing and storing energy. When winters are very dry and warm, many root systems (and bulbs) can suffer. This is especially concerning for newly planted trees, shrubs, perennials and bulbs. </p>
An innovative and impactful collaboration between Denver Botanic Gardens, Xcel Energy</a>, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)</a> and the City of Denver’s Office of Climate Action, Sustainability & Resiliency</a> is culminating in an extensive, 4.5-acre solar array and agrivoltaics display at Chatfield Farms</a>. Agrivoltaics, also known as agrisolar, is the combined use of land for agriculture and solar power generation. The electricity produced by this renewable source will not only provide enough power to operate Chatfield Farms, but also be used to provide electricity for low-income housing in Denver. </p> This sustainable energy initiative is an integral part of the first phase of construction for the Chatfield Farms Master Development Plan, scheduled to begin in June of 2023.</p> Enough energy will be supplied through this solar array that natural gas lines will not need to be extended to power the new or existing buildings at Chatfield Farms. Electric air-source heat pumps will heat and cool all buildings powered by the renewable solar energy produced on site. </p> Chatfield Farms will receive approximately 250,000 kWh per year of discounted power from the 1.2-megawatt array, which should be sufficient to provide electrical power for all existing and new buildings on the site. The remaining 750,000 kWh per year will provide electricity for low-income housing in Denver.</p> Xcel Energy has been assisting with upgrading the existing power line into Chatfield Farms to carry solar electricity to our campus and beyond to the electrical grid. This project demonstrates Xcel Energy’s commitment to partnering with customers and communities to advance clean energy production and further reduce greenhouse gas emissions in Colorado as the company works towards becoming a net-zero energy provider by 2050.</p> Beneath the new solar array, Chatfield Farms staff will build an agrivoltaics demonstration and production farm. The agrisolar farm will produce mixed vegetables, herbs and fruit for Chatfield Farms’ many food partners and the Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) program. It will also provide educational resources and inspiration to visitors and farmers locally and globally. NREL is working to secure grants to fund research and equipment to fully develop the agrivoltaics farm. The research will enhance the energy-water-land nexus this project encompasses.</p> The solar array, along with a robust new composting program to eliminate green waste generated from farming and horticulture, puts Chatfield Farms at the forefront of sustainable operations for Denver Botanic Gardens. We are excited to incorporate these pioneering technologies on our historical farm, aligned with our five-year institutional strategic plan</a> and living out our core values of relevance, transformation and sustainability. </p>
Lore is knowledge gained through tradition or anecdote and passed down through the ages, from generation to generation. The lore of plants has long been an integral part of humanity; influencing our religion, medicinal remedies, the food we eat—and even our behaviors.</p> Can you recall lore passed down to you by an older family member or trusted teacher? Maybe something like “an apple a day keeps the doctor away” or the notion that you should “knock on wood?” Lore weaves itself into a healthy diet as easily as it does superstition.</p> Speaking of wood, the lore of elderberry</strong> (Sambucus spp.</em>) describes this woody plant as having properties of protection from witches. Early European stories attribute bad luck to cutting the wood of elderberry plants or crafting an infant’s crib from its wood. According to Grimms’ fairy tales, it is wise to keep a bouquet of elderflowers picked in midsummer on hand in case the devil wanders by. </p>
Restoration is an integral part of land management and conservation. As natural disasters and human activity continue to impact biodiversity and wildlife habitat, it is becoming increasingly important to restore degraded land back into healthy ecosystems. Here at Denver Botanic Gardens, many scientists conduct research on ways to improve how we restore native plant communities in the Front Range. This year, I conducted this type of research down at Chatfield Farms, using native plant species brought in from all over the Western United States to see how well they grow here in Colorado. </p> With the help of many of the Research & Conservation Department’s wonderful seasonal staff, we planted over 5,000 seedlings from four different species native to the Front Range of Colorado and collected data on how the plants grew over the summer. We were pleased to see that they all did quite well in their first year! After just a few months in the ground, our seedlings were big and happy, which is good news for restoration efforts. Each seedling will continue to be monitored over the next several years to see how they perform long-term. </p> With climate change on the horizon, it’s important for land managers, like the Bureau of Land Management, to know what plants will survive here long term. Often it can be helpful to use species that are native to Colorado, but use of plants or seed that come from hotter and dryer regions in the county can help them to better adapt and survive long-term as temperatures get warmer and rain becomes less frequent. Other times, it is best to use plants or seeds that have been growing as close to the restoration site as possible, so that they are already well adapted to the environment they will be growing in. Knowing where to source plants from and where to plant them is an important research topic for bringing back native plant communities to Colorado! </p>
